I agree the article in the OP is more confusing than informative.
There have been hypotheses for decades about some as-yet-unidentified agent that somehow triggers the initial protein misfolding. Bacteria, viruses, plasmids, or some unknown type of organism new to science have all been floated as ideas, but to my knowledge no one has yet demonstrated any causal relationship between any of the above and TSEs. The last one I recall that caused some buzz was about 10 years ago (or maybe more now?) when someone thought they had found little rogue pieces of DNA floating around that induced misfolding to cause CWD but further work never bore that out. If someone were to actually identify some other causal agent, it could be a game changer. But since there doesn’t appear to be any strong evidence for that at this point, it seems awfully premature to be mentioning a vaccine.