I have met Kurt, but never really talked much with him. I have spent a lot of time working and talking with Garrot on many Montana sheep and some elk projects. I was very impressed with his work and am very glad that there is someone like him working the academic field to try and solve some of these sheep issues.
That, "80% of sheep carry pathogens" quote is about Montana sheep. I handled and tested a lot of those sheep he is talking about. That is what I was talking about when I said that I was worried abut the future of sheep. Understand that many of those 80% are carrying many different kinds of deadly pathogens, not just one variety. Any one of them could lead to an outbreak that kills off that herd. Those pathogens were brought to North American by immigrants bringing domestic sheep over from Europe and Asia. The sheep here never had the opportunity to develop any kind of immunity to those diseases since they were never exposed to them. What stressors will set off the next big die off? One of those stressors, that is suspected in several die offs, is catching a less deadly sickness from domestic sheep leading to weakened immune systems. A drought, a hard winter, a change in forage availability, too much human interference, predators, etc can potentially cause a disease die off. How are hunters going to feel about it when the inevitable happens and the world famous breaks herds die off? Many of those sheep are already infected.
I would love if the ag industry came up with a viable vaccine that could be required for domestic sheep use on pubic lands or anywhere near wild sheep herds. Do you really think, that even if a vaccine is created, that all sheep ranchers will voluntarily inoculate their flocks? I imagine the vaccines will be expensive. There are many different pathogens that lead to pneumonia in sheep. Would need a vaccine or vaccines that work for all of them to really be effective. I just don't see a very efficient or affordable way to vaccinate wild sheep even if a vaccine is developed. Of course some herds would be easier to vaccinate than others, but if you think about sheep habitat and dispersion, it just doesn't seem super viable. Remember, you would need to get each years crop of lambs vaccinated too.
It feels like just about every year we loose a herd or four to a disease related die off. Less and less sheep on the mountain and less tags is where we are and where we are headed with the current state of affairs. Believe me, like I said above, I would rather work with domestic sheep producers, but you know that some of them are just not going to change unless they are forced to. I know he was not really a sheep rancher, but just think about the situation at Gardiner a few years ago with Bill Hoppe. He intentionally used his domestic sheep as a weapon to kill the wild sheep. There are plenty of people with domestic sheep that live near wild sheep herds and could care less about the danger they are putting the wild sheep into. I have talked to several of these types. Many of them have a deep hatred of the government including fish and game agencies. I have been told numerous times that they would rather have all the bighorns die than let anyone tell them what to do with their pet sheep. I just don't see these types voluntarily changing their ways unless there are serious consequences to them.
There is no silver bullet to fixing the wild sheep situation. The disease issue isn't the only thing negatively affecting sheep. Loss of habitat, inedible weeds infesting winter range, vehicle collisions, the increase of human activity in sheep range, an increase in predators, mountain goats competing for limited winter range, and many more issues are not helping the situation any either.