I wrote a paper recently about this for government class. It is mostly my opinion.
Its no secret that America's public education system is in a shambles. Urban decay, teen
pregnancy, the decay of the nuclear family, labor unions, law suits, teacher strikes, drugs and
violence, all contribute to an education system that has already failed an entire generation of
middle-class American kids.
The problems with America’s public education stem from four primary sources: First and foremost, the failure of the American family; Second, the proliferation of Outcome Based Education; Thirdly; the federal funding formula; and lastly, the issue of states rights.
I believe that three of these sources could be rectified by nationalizing public schools, to include the implementation of a national curriculum. In addition to the negative impact of social problems on the quality of public education, federal funding models, the emergence of Outcome Based Education and the matter of public schools as a states rights issue all contribute greatly to this problem.
While each of these topics merit detailed examination, they are interrelated and for the purposes of this presentation I will discuss them together before introducing my proposed solution.
Public schools are in trouble largely because the American family has been in trouble for over three decades. In addition to being a matter of common sense, it is an empirical, much studied and documented, irrefutable fact that children begin to learn from the moment they are born. Parents, whether they realize it or not, control that learning at its earliest, and most critical
stages.
Education starts at home, or at least it used to.
Language, the rudiments of writing, and manners are established in the home. Of course, this is entirely dependent on positive parental ivolvement in the child’s development. Sadly,
families aren’t families anymore, at least not in the traditional sense.
Half of America’s children are raised in single parent homes. The majority of single parents are women with no more than a high school education. According to the 2000 Census, 78% of single mothers earn less than 30,000 dollars a year. Its no secret these kids under-perform on standardized tests.
For nearly all of the 20th century, schools as institutions, operated under the assumption that when children arrived for their first day of kindergarten they had already been taught some manners and how to behave respectfully. This used to be the norm in America. Now the reverse is true. A recent Time magazine article highlighted the increasing trend of violence and horribly vulgar language among kindergartners. Five year olds are being expelled for attacking, and cursing at their teachers.
The failure of familial integrity as an essential foundation of learning is a national epidemic and is beyond the scope of government to correct unilaterally however, the policies and administration of our schools’ are within government’s ability to correct and they too are failing.
Part of the problem is money. Most federal funding for public schools comes in the form of performance-based grants or matching funds. The U.S. Department of Education typically accepts whatever standards the individual states set for themselves. The standard used by most states is the percentage of the senior class that graduates. Theoretically, this is supposed to
motivate educators to devise innovative ways to “raise the bar” in developing and improving
students' academic skills.
This economic incentive for schools to graduate a set minimum number of seniors no matter what has created a fox-guarding-the-henhouse scenario. In many under-performing schools, particularly in the inner city, standards are ultimately lowered to ensure enough seniors “graduate” so as to keep the federal dollars coming. Case in point; from
1979 to 1984, the years I attended 7th through 12th grades, the minimum passing test score set by the New York State Board of Regents was 65%. In 1984 my high school graduated 83 of 84 seniors. From 1990 to 1994 New York lost over 40 million dollars in performance grants. In 1995 New York lowered its minimum passing score to 55%. The irony here is that nationally, federal dollars only account for, on average, 7% of all public education funding at the local level. This is not just New York, its’ a national trend.
Schools, as quasi-governmental institutions, along with their faculties and staffs, are easier to impact with policy change. As politicians and bureaucrats come under increased public pressure to “do something”, they inevitably attempt to "fix the problem" by taking the path of political expediency, which is to simultaneously blame teachers while throwing money at the symptoms. "More and better computers..." makes for a nice re-election sound byte but does nothing to improve SAT scores. This is has resulted in a system that has become increasingly
teacher centric. This dynamic has been codified by the rise of Outcome Based Education (OBE) in recent years.
OBE claims to focus on students as individuals. It claims that given enough time all children can learn…something…eventually. OBE promotes the concept of allowing students to set the pace of their own learning while placing the burden for their success or failure on their teachers in the name of accountability. How can we expect teachers to administer a personalized syllabus for every student? Simple. We can’t, so teachers, in order to avoid official sanction tend
to “dumb down” their classes in order to ensure enough kids pass. Like many academic theories
OBE assumes, and is entirely dependent on students who are eager to learn and willing to work at their own education.
Under this model teachers are no longer the primary sources of knowledge nor are they the primary arbiters of whether or not a student’s performance meets standards. Under OBE teachers are relegated to being guides and motivators, essentially stripped of their rightful authority to set the pace of learning, and to maintain order in the classroom. Worse, by removing that authority, it absolves teachers of responsibility, ultimately de-motivating them.
In practice, in real schools with real people, all OBE does is put an official sounding label on the rationale for accepting less from our kids in order to secure funding to improve the quality of education at that particular school...more irony.
As bad as all of this seems, it is further compounded by the debate over who bears the greatest responsibility in administering public education; the Federal Government or the State.
Every single state contends that control of public education falls solely within the purview of the state and any that attempt by the federal government to regulate public education is a violation of states rights and therefore unconstitutional. Currently each state issues its’ own public school curricula. Each state sets its own pass/fail standards and criteria for gaining a high school diploma. Currently only 19 states have some form of standardized testing as a pre-requisite for grade advancement.
In addition to the U.S. Department of Education, American taxpayers fund additional and redundant state and local bureaucracies all designed to re-accomplish what the federal agency is supposed to do. Not wanting to be outdone, each state level DoE has a division dedicated to “dealing” with the Feds and the U.S. DoE has a division dedicated to each of the 50 states and Washington D.C.
So what has all this yielded us as a nation? A great deal of energy and money is wasted on turf-wars. For example, as soon as the Bush administration’s No Child Left Behind initiative was presented to congress both States and teachers unions fought to have the standardized testing provisions removed in the name of states rights. Bush’s education reform bill would have required states to develop tests along the lines of the Iowa model by 2008. In addition to identifying under-performing students, these same test results would have been used to identify potentially under-performing schools and individual teachers which was, in my opinion, the real reason for the protesting.
The intent of this was to get help for teachers who need help or continuing education. All of this language was met with howling opposition by the NEA and by states rights proponents in the
Congress and was summarily watered down.
So, what has all this bought us? We have created an environment in too many school districts where (1)maintaining the flow of federal funding has become the primary management goal. Again, on average a mere 7%, and (2)teachers, stripped of their responsibility and accountability, are denied their rightful place in our society, as authority figures and as important shapers of developing minds. Most American high school teachers live in a world where they are equally afraid of becoming the target of either violence or a lawsuit.
In my mind all of these issues make a compelling case for a nationalizing public schools. Why do we continue to allow politicians to pretend that a child’s educational needs vary from state to state? Are kids from Connecticut, which historically has one of the strongest public
education systems, really more deserving of a solid education then kids from Louisiana, which
historically has one of the weakest.
I contend that the so-called “smartness” of a child is a direct reflection of how effectively that child has been challenged academically. I also contend that algebra is algebra and that by 9th grade every American child should have been taught how to do it. The rules and mechanics of American English are universal yet they are not taught or enforced equally in every state. Does anybody really believe that Ebonics helps a kid succeed?
It is time for measurable, enforceable national education standards. We are a nation composed
of every people on earth but we are still one nation. We have one common history, one currency, one constitution and despite all the controversy, one language. We are already united
by standardization throughout our entire infrastructure. We recognize, or at least we say we recognize that children are the future. We refer to them as the leaders of tomorrow and yet we continue to perpetrate an educational system that fails to prepare an ever increasing number of them for that future.
It is time to overhaul they way we educate our children. Our continued success and future as a nation is tied to the strength and productivity of our average citizens. The manner in which we educate our children dictates the quality of that average.
Towards that end, I propose that the U.S. Department of Education be transformed into the U.S. Public Education Service with K-12 teachers becoming federalized civil servants.
The USPEC would be charged with:
- Establishing a measurable system of accountability for teachers curriculum managers
and administrators at every level.
- Utililizing the federal pay scale with stepped allowances based on education and experience and programmed adjustments for high cost-of-living communities
- Establishing Mathematics, English, Science, and American History as Core Study Units.
- Developing standardized curriculum outlines for each grade K through 12 based on the building
block approach and emphasizing the Core Study Units and PE. These outlines would take into consideration the importance of locally significant education choices, particularly state and local history and culture.
- Developing standardized tests to measure progress and to identify students, teachers and
schools that need help. Some form of tests would be a prerequisite for grade advancement.
- Establish 350 students as the target maximum graduating class size and fund new school
construction to reapportion overly large districts.
- Funding academic facility maintenance, textbooks, basic teacher supplies and school meal
programs based on need and student enrollment.
The states would be responsible for:
- Administering the national curriculum and standardized tests.
- Developing and funding standardized curricula for state history, electives, music and art programs.
- Funding or subsidizing public school transportation.
Individual school districts would be responsible for:
- Developing and administering curricula for locally significant areas of study in history, science and culture.
- Funding athletic programs and non-academic facilities controlled by the district.
- Establishing dress code and/or uniform policies.
- School security.
My proposal would not affect private schools, charter schools or families who wish to home-school. The only exceptions would be that charter school and home-schooled seniors seeking a state sanctioned diploma would still have to pass the required tests for the Core Stud Units.
Finally, I realize that this proposal constitutes a radical restructuring of our public education system and would certainly be met with tremendous opposition on many fronts.
Although this is an academic exercise, I do believe that we as a nation, need to take a hard look at how we allow our children be educated and maintaining the status quo is not the answer. I am not a fan of bigger government but the system we have is no system at all, it’s a disjointed
collection of competing bureaucracies that have long ago forgotten why they exist. It is time to
unify and standardize the way we educate our kids. Federalizing our public education is potentially the most feasible means of doing so.