I think almost any centerfire will do from .223 on up, but it's more important to have a handy rifle and scope package. I have a Ruger Gunsite Scout in .308 with a 16.5" barrel and a Leupold 1.75-6x scope on it. That's a good one for the whitetail woods. I've used .300 BLK successfully, but it's ballistically very similar to .30-30. It's perfect with a suppressor, though. I wouldn't overlook the Steyr Scout. They're very accurate and handy. If I were to design a package for you - I'd go with a 6-7 lb rifle with a 16-20 inch barrel and a low powered optic with an illuminated reticle, like a 1-6x24 type with a magnification ring that moves easily. Almost anything will do cartridge-wise, but you couldn't go wrong with a .243, 6.5 CM, 7-08, .308, etc. I'd stick with a short action to keep the weight down a little unless you pick a Tikka. Just some ideas for you.
I'll add one more thing. I've found that calibers and blood trails aren't always, or maybe even often, relative. I've had great blood trails with a 6mm Remington and terrible blood trails with a .308. There are a lot of variables there.