It didn't therefore follow that we should implement a permit system for all rivers. The same could be said for places where recreational shooting needs to curtailed or prohibited. If the threshold for a certain area is exceeded, and the land or the experience of those using the land is so negatively affected, then we should shut it down in those specific locations.
I shoot recreationally on public lands, and no one here is the wiser.
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I agree to some extent, my previous comment lacked a bit of nuance. Generally speaking it seems like target shooters who leave a bunch of trash are lazy, they don't want to use ranges because they don't want to have to plan ahead and get a membership or have to clean up after themselves at a range. To this end I think that banning all target shooting within 1/2 mile of a road is probably an effective solution, anyone who is willing to walk a half mile from a road is probably willing to pick up their brass and targets, and definitely won't be dragging out old appliances.
I'm not sure if the Smith River example is analogs as target shooting and trash seems to be a ubiquitous problem on public lands. It doesn't matter if a town has 500 residents or 100,000 if that jurisdiction doesn't have statutes regarding target shooting there will be a pile of TV, refrigerators, and beer cans riddled with holes on first public land pullout.