They are fundamentally different. Collectibles, currencies, precious metals, commodities, guns, undeveloped land, collector art…they all sit and do nothing. Inflation is going to eat the value away year after year. The speculator hopes that people will value the passive item differently in the future, and then he places a speculative bet. Some speculators make a lot of profit. They are lucky. It’s nearly 100% crystal ball-gazing.
Bonds, real estate, businesses, companies, loans…these are income generating tools. You take on risk investing your money in them just like a speculator takes a risk, but the similarity ends there. With investments you buy a machine that prints money. Things can go wrong, and it doesn’t always work out that way, but generally it does.
I pick a money-printing machine, and a speculator buys a rock that he hopes people will want more than they do today. Take your pick